פַּטּוֹמֵי מִילֵּי בְּעָלְמָא הוּא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אָשֵׁי לְאַמֵּימָר: טַעְמָא מַאי – כֵּיוָן דְּלוֹקֵחַ בָּעֵי לְאַתְנוֹיֵי, וְהָכָא מוֹכֵר קָא מַתְנֵי, אָמְרַתְּ פַּטּוֹמֵי מִילֵּי בְּעָלְמָא הוּא.

These are merely words of enticement [pittumei millei] designed to encourage the buyer, but they are not part of a legal contract and therefore do not obligate the seller. Rav Ashi said to Ameimar: What is the reason for this? Since the buyer is the one who needs to stipulate this condition but he neglected to do so, and here it was the seller who stipulated the condition, is that why you said that these are merely words of enticement?

אֶלָּא מַתְנִיתָא דְּקָתָנֵי: ״לִכְשֶׁיִּהְיוּ לְךָ מָעוֹת אַחְזִיר לָךְ – מוּתָּר״, דְּמוֹכֵר הוּא דְּבָעֵי לְאַתְנוֹיֵי, מוֹכֵר לָא אַתְנִי וְלוֹקֵחַ קָא מַתְנֵי.

But according to this reasoning, consider the baraita, as it teaches that if the buyer says: When you have money I will give the property back to you, this is permitted. Now in this case it is the seller who needs to stipulate this condition, but the seller did not stipulate it and it was the buyer who stipulated it. Accordingly, they should likewise be regarded as words of enticement.

וְאָמְרִינַן: מַאי שְׁנָא רֵישָׁא וּמַאי שְׁנָא סֵיפָא? וְאָמַר רָבָא: סֵיפָא, דַּאֲמַר לֵיהּ מִדַּעְתֵּיהּ. טַעְמָא דַּאֲמַר לֵיהּ מִדַּעְתֵּיהּ, הָא לָא אֲמַר לֵיהּ מִדַּעְתֵּיהּ – לָא אָמְרִינַן פַּטּוֹמֵי מִילֵּי בְּעָלְמָא הוּא.

And we said concerning the baraita: What is different in the first clause and what is different in the latter clause? And Rava says that the latter clause is referring to a situation where the buyer said he would return the field of his own accord. Rav Ashi infers: The reason the condition is invalid is that the buyer said to him that he would return the field of his own accord. But if he did not say to him that he would return the field of his own accord, we would not say that these are merely words of enticement, even though the statement was made by the buyer about himself, and not as a condition by the seller.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: נַעֲשֶׂה כְּמַאן דַּאֲמַר לֵיהּ מִדַּעְתֵּיהּ אִתְּמַר.

Ameimar said to him: In fact, any condition stated by the wrong person is invalid, but it was stated in the baraita that whenever the buyer states such a condition, he is considered like one who said that he would return the field of his own accord.

הָהוּא שְׁכִיב מְרַע, דִּכְתַב לַהּ גִּיטָּא לִדְבֵיתְהוּ, אִנְּגִיד וְאִתְּנַח. אֲמַרָה לֵיהּ: אַמַּאי קָא מִתְּנַחַתְּ? אִי קָיְימַתְּ – דִּידָךְ אֲנָא. אָמַר רַב זְבִיד: פַּטּוֹמֵי מִילֵּי בְּעָלְמָא הוּא.

§ The Gemara relates: There was a certain person on his deathbed who wrote a bill of divorce for his wife in order to exempt her from the obligation of ḥalitza in the event of his death, and he moaned and sighed at the time, in distress over having to divorce her. She said to him: Why do you sigh? If you recover from this illness, I am yours, as I will marry you again. The Gemara discusses the legal validity of this promise. Rav Zevid said: These are merely words of enticement designed to encourage him to grant the divorce, but they do not actually obligate the wife to remarry him if he lives.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אַחָא מִדִּפְתִּי לְרָבִינָא: וְאִי לָאו פַּטּוֹמֵי מִילֵּי מַאי? בְּדִידַהּ קָיְימָא לְמִישְׁדֵּי תְּנָאָה בְּגִיטָּא? בְּדִידֵיהּ קָיְימָא לְמִשְׁדֵּי תְּנָאָה! מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא: הוּא גּוּפֵיהּ אַדַּעְתָּא דִידַהּ קָא גָמֵיר וְיָהֵיב גִּיטָּא – קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

Rav Aḥa of Difti said to Ravina: And even if they were not merely words of enticement, but she had made an actual condition upheld by an oath or an act of acquisition, what of it? Is it her prerogative to stipulate a condition concerning her bill of divorce? It is not in her power to do so, as it is his right to establish such a condition, and since he failed to do so explicitly, any condition she accepts upon herself is of no consequence. The Gemara answers: This statement of Rav Zevid is necessary, lest you say that he himself relied upon her condition when he decided to give her the bill of divorce, and therefore it is as though he stipulated the condition. Rav Zevid therefore teaches us that this is not the case.

הִלְוָהוּ עַל שָׂדֵהוּ, אָמַר רַב הוּנָא: בִּשְׁעַת מַתַּן מָעוֹת – קָנָה הַכֹּל. לְאַחַר מַתַּן מָעוֹת – לֹא קָנָה אֶלָּא כְּנֶגֶד מְעוֹתָיו. וְרַב נַחְמָן אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ לְאַחַר מַתַּן מָעוֹת – קָנָה הַכֹּל.

§ The mishna teaches: If one lent money to another on the basis of his field serving as a guarantee, and he said to borrower: If you do not give me the money from now until three years have passed, your field is mine, then if his money is not returned within three years, the field is his. Rav Huna says: If the lender stated the condition at the time of the giving of the money, he has acquired it all, meaning that if the borrower fails to pay the debt, the entire field is transferred to the lender. But if the lender stated his condition at some point after the giving of the money, he has acquired only a portion of the field corresponding to the money that he lent. And Rav Naḥman says: Even if the lender stated his condition after the giving of the money, he has acquired it all.

עֲבַד רַב נַחְמָן עוֹבָדָא גַּבֵּי רֵישׁ גָּלוּתָא כִּשְׁמַעְתֵּיהּ, קַרְעֵיהּ רַב יְהוּדָה לִשְׁטָרֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רֵישׁ גָּלוּתָא: רַב יְהוּדָה קְרַע לִשְׁטָרָךְ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: דַּרְדְּקָא קַרְעֵיהּ? גַּבְרָא רַבָּה קַרְעֵיהּ, חֲזָא בֵּיהּ טַעְמָא וְקַרְעֵיהּ!

The Gemara relates: Rav Naḥman performed an action in the court of the Exilarch in accordance with his statement that even if the lender states his condition after the loan is granted, the lender acquires the entire field if the loan isn’t repaid within the specified time period. The case then came before Rav Yehuda, who tore up the lender’s deed of ownership of the field, claiming it was invalid. The Exilarch said to Rav Naḥman: Rav Yehuda tore up your document, i.e., he overruled your decision. Rav Naḥman said to him: Did a child tear it up? A great man tore it up; he must have seen in it some reason to invalidate it, and that is why he tore it up.

אִיכָּא דְאָמְרִי, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: דַּרְדְּקָא קַרְעֵיהּ, דְּכוּלֵּי עָלְמָא לְגַבֵּי דִּידִי בְּדִינָא דַּרְדְּקֵי נִינְהוּ.

There are those who say a different version of this exchange, according to which Rav Naḥman said to him: A child tore it up, i.e., there is no need to take his opinion into consideration, as everyone is like a child relative to me with regard to monetary laws. Rav Naḥman was the greatest expert of his generation with regard to monetary matters, and therefore he could discount the opinions of others.

הֲדַר אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן: אֲפִילּוּ בִּשְׁעַת מַתַּן מָעוֹת – לֹא קָנָה וְלֹא כְּלוּם. אֵיתִיבֵיהּ רָבָא לְרַב נַחְמָן: אִם אִי אַתָּה נוֹתֵן לִי מִכָּאן וְעַד שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁלִּי – הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁלּוֹ!

After examining the matter again, Rav Naḥman retracted his words and then said the opposite of his initial ruling: Even if the lender stated his condition at the time of the giving of the money, he has not acquired anything. Rava raised an objection to Rav Naḥman from the mishna, which teaches: If one lent money to another on the basis of the borrower’s field serving as a guarantee, and said to him: If you do not give me the money now and instead delay your payment from now until three years have passed, the field is mine, then after three years, the field is his. Evidently, a condition of this kind is valid.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אֲנִי אוֹמֵר אַסְמַכְתָּא קָנְיָא. וּמִנְיוֹמֵי אָמַר: אַסְמַכְתָּא לָא קָנְיָא.

Rav Naḥman said to him: I used to say that a transaction with inconclusive consent [asmakhta] effects acquisition, meaning that any obligation one accepts to serve as a penalty over and above the value of what he actually owes is nevertheless binding. But Minyumi said that an asmakhta does not effect acquisition, and the transaction under discussion is an asmakhta. Now that he convinced me that his opinion is correct, I have retracted my previous opinion.

וּלְמִנְיוֹמֵי קַשְׁיָא מַתְנִיתִין! אִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא מַתְנִיתִין רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הִיא, דְּאָמַר אַסְמַכְתָּא קָנְיָא.

The Gemara asks: But if so, the mishna is difficult according to Minyumi. The Gemara answers: If you wish, say that the mishna is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, who said that an asmakhta effects acquisition, but his is a minority opinion.